1. Loan (electronic IOU credit loan) is simply understood as borrowing money with interest. Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of social expansion and reproduction and promote economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation. The "three principles" that loans need to abide by refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, and are the fundamental principles of loan management of commercial banks. Article 4 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and be self-disciplined, and take safety, liquidity and efficiency as their operating principles."
2. Banks are legally established financial institutions engaged in monetary and credit business, which are the products of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage. Banks are one of the financial institutions. Banks are divided into central banks, policy banks, commercial banks, investment banks and the World Bank, with different responsibilities. The word "bank" comes from Banca, Italy. Its original meaning is bench and chair, which is the business appliance of the earliest money changer in the market. English translation into Bank means the cabinet for saving money. In China, it is called "bank" because of the history of China's economic development. In the history of our country, silver has always been one of the main monetary materials. "Silver" often represents money, while "bank" is the title of large commercial organizations. Calling a large financial institution dealing with money a bank was first seen in the Book of History by Hong Ren of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. A bank is an enterprise dealing in money, and its existence is conducive to raising and financing social funds. It is a very important member of financial institutions. We can see the business of the bank. On the one hand, it collects idle monetary funds and small monetary savings in society by absorbing deposits, and then lends them to people who need to replenish money in the form of loans. Here, banks act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. On the other hand, banks handle the payment and settlement of money for commodity producers and businessmen.