First, its own funds. This is mainly my own savings. Generally, people who have worked for several years have some savings, and this part of the money is the basic fund for their own business.
The second is equity financing, that is, entrepreneurs or small and medium-sized enterprises give up part of their equity to obtain investors' funds, so that investors can hold shares as shareholders instead of borrowing. It is a kind of financing with certain venture capital nature, and it is a financing method in which both investors and financiers enjoy the benefits and bear the risks. For small and medium-sized enterprises that do not have the conditions of bank financing and capital market financing, this financing method is not only convenient, but also operable.
3. Debt financing means that entrepreneurs or small and medium-sized enterprises use loans (private loans) from financial institutions or non-financial institutions such as banks to finance. After a certain period expires, the parties must repay the principal and pay interest. Lending to financial institutions requires certain conditions such as mortgage, credit and pledge guarantee, while private lending relies more on credit and third-party guarantee.
4. Policy loans refer to the micro-loan policies issued by government departments to support a certain type of entrepreneurs (such as micro-loan policies for laid-off workers), and also include the establishment of many funds to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, such as SME development funds and innovation funds. These policy loans are characterized by low interest rates, low industrial policy discounts, even interest-free, long repayment period, or even no repayment. However, in order to obtain these funds, certain policy conditions must be met.
5. Financial leasing means that the lessor purchases equipment according to the leased equipment and suppliers selected by the lessee for the purpose of providing financing to the lessee, and the lessee obtains the long-term use right of the equipment at the expense of paying the rent by signing a financial leasing contract with the lessor. As far as the lessee is concerned, the purpose of financing is achieved through financial leasing. 6. Others, including short-term pawn and angel investment. Angel investment mainly refers to a private investment method in which individuals or families with certain capital make early investment in start-ups with development potential. Angel investment is a kind of venture capital, but unlike most venture capital projects in the growth stage and listing stage, angel investment mainly invests in unique invention and creation plans, innovative individuals and seed-stage enterprises, and "gives timely help" to seed-stage projects that have not yet hatched. It only "helps" the invention plan or seed stage project, and the task of "giving a ride" is completed by institutional venture capital. And supplier financing, dealer prepayment and other forms.
legal ground
Law of the People's Bank of China of the People's Republic of China
Article 24 The People's Bank of China may issue and pay treasury bonds and other government bonds to financial institutions on behalf of the financial department of the State Council.