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Song Taizong was a master of poisoning. Before he became emperor, he devoted himself to research and collected thousands of medicinal prescriptions. The poison he used to poison Li Yu and others, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was called "trigger medicine". After taking it, his whole body convulsed and he curled up like a prawn and died. This drug was studied later and is called Nux Vomica. Its main ingredients are strychnine and strychnine, which can damage the central nervous system. It is highly toxic and difficult to detoxify. More than a hundred years later, Song Huizong became emperor and inspected the palace on horseback. He found a large amount of poison in an unnamed warehouse. Song Huizong said on the spot, "If the minister really committed an unpardonable crime, he should be punished according to the law. How can this be done?" What to do?" Then he ordered it to be destroyed.
"Water Margin" and "New Longmen Inn" both described black shops that killed guests. This is really not an artistic exaggeration. There were many hotels in the Song Dynasty that actually killed people and ate meat. "Yi Jian Zhi" wrote about several restaurants that killed people. "When a customer is sleeping, he will stab his belly with a spear from above. If he dies, he will push him into a hole, swallow his clothes, and continue to cut the meat into preserved meat and sell it in the countryside." ", "Waiting for a guest who was sleeping soundly, tying a scarf around the guest's mouth, dragging him backwards into the cellar, and burying him alive"...Does it feel like watching "New Longmen Inn"?
Counterfeiting was also common in the Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the aquatic industry in Kaifeng's Xinzheng Gate, Xishui Gate and Wansheng Gate was very developed, with thousands of loads of fish shipped every day. "Qingbo Magazine" records that the shrimps from Huainan were wrapped in mats and brought to Beijing. The preservation level was not enough, and they were black and tasteless when they arrived in Kyoto. The vendor soaks the feces overnight, washes it off with water in the morning, and it becomes as red as new before selling it to customers.
There is a popular song in the Song Dynasty: "In Huating, Youzhou, Zhejiang, prices are low. You can buy a bottle of three liters... This bottle weighs about three kilograms. If you don't believe it, put it on the scale and find that there is one kilogram of wine." , One pound of water, one pound of bottle. "Huating is today's Shanghai. What this song sings is that the wine in Shanghai can usually be purchased with banknotes for three pounds. In fact, the bottle alone weighs one pound, and the water mixed with it is another pound.
The commercial service industry in the Song Dynasty was developed, and there were agencies that specially hosted banquets and banquets for people at their doorsteps, known as the "Four Divisions and Six Bureaus", with a particularly detailed division of labor. The Accounts Department is in charge of all kinds of furnishings, the Tea and Wine Department is in charge of tea soup, hot wine, seating arrangements, greetings, etc., the Chef is in charge of cooking, and the Tableware Department is in charge of the delivery of cups and dishes. The Fruit Bureau, Honey Jian Bureau and Vegetable Bureau are responsible for the supply of three kinds of food. The Oil Candle Bureau, Fragrance Bureau and Arrangement Bureau are responsible for lamps, spices and cleaning afterwards. Today’s Haidilao food delivery service is not as good as it was back then.
The southern part of Guangdong today was called Guizhou in the Song Dynasty and was not a very civilized place. People there have a custom that if a mother gives birth to a boy, all her relatives and friends will come to eat the placenta. It is recorded in the history books that "clean the noodles, chop them carefully, and decoct them with five flavors. Invite your close relatives to a banquet, prepare wine and eat." If it is not eaten by any relatives or friends, it will usually cause family disputes.
It was popular among scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty to keep concubines. There was a type of concubine that was rented, which was similar to keeping a lover today. A contract had to be signed - so and so, and how many years they would stay with so and so, and for which so and so had to pay. How much does it cost for who and who's family? When the contract expires, the person must be returned.
Mandarin was also spoken in the Song Dynasty, and the local dialects in Luoyang and Kaifeng were the Mandarin spoken at that time. There are subtle differences between the two places. Although Kaifeng is the capital, the upper classes generally believe that the Luoyang accent is the most orthodox and cultured.
Just like Beijing dialect and Mandarin are not exactly the same, so is Kaifeng dialect during the Song Dynasty. There was a military wife in Kaifeng, and her husband went to guard the border. She found a scholar to write a letter home to her husband. Their son's name was Ku Lai'er, and she told the scholar: "Just write: Ku Lai'er's mother sent a message to Ku Lai'er, Ku Lai'er. Since my father passed away, Ku Lai'er has always been a grumpy son. Every day he laughs and bursts with excitement. The ground is jumping. The sky is full of water, so don’t eat warm food.” The scholar was stunned for a long time while holding his pen, and sighed: "Sister-in-law, I will return this money to you. I really don't know how to write this letter."
The "National Holiday Office" of the Song Dynasty was under the control of the Ancestral Hall Department, and every year's holidays** *100 days, including 36 days off during the holidays. At that time, there was no concept of "week". Official regulations stipulated that one day off every 10 days was called "ten days off". There are other holidays for Tomb-Sweeping Day, Ghost Festival, Tiansheng Festival, etc. Different professions have different holidays.
At that time, Ding said that he was in the prime of his career and wanted to take this path, but he had no one to recommend him. He heard that Ding Wei liked to play football, so he stayed outside the wall of Ding Wei's home stadium every day. Finally one day, the ball kicked by Ding Wei flew out of the wall. Liu Sanfu quickly picked up the ball, carried it in and returned it to Ding Wei. After seeing Ding Wei, he threw the ball in his hand in the air, knelt down and used his shoulders and The ball never hit the ground when he carried the ball on his back or on his head. This impressed Ding Wei, who later entered the political arena.
Why did scholars have a high status in the Song Dynasty? Because once you become an official, you will really be rich and famous and reach the top of your life. The income of officials in the Song Dynasty was the highest in history, nearly ten times higher than that of the Han Dynasty, and two to six times higher than that of the Qing Dynasty.
Song lyrics were really meant for singing. However, after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, many songs were lost as the emperors and ministers migrated south. Gradually, the lyrics developed into a purely literary content. Many early poets were well versed in music. For example, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty personally composed 390 pieces of major and minor songs, as well as 390 songs with new sounds based on the old system. Song Renzong also wrote many songs for the teaching workshop to sing. Under their leadership, literati took pride in writing lyrics to music.
In the Song Dynasty, scholar-bureaucrats visited singing houses and brothels, which was a sign of romanticism. Many celebrities have left their reputation in history. For example, Fan Zhongyan, after leaving office in Poyang, wrote a poem to his sweetheart in Poyang and sent her a rouge to convey his love. The poem goes: "There are beauties in the south of the Yangtze River, and we will remember each other after we say goodbye. Why should I comfort you and give you good colors?" However, from Mo Junchen's "Collection of What I Heard on the Moon River" we can know that Fan Zhongyan has a unique taste - he gave you rouge as a gift. This sweetheart is over sixty years old.
The Song Dynasty was the first to distinguish between urban household registration and rural household registration. Urban household registration was called "Fangguo household". In addition, the privileges of household registration in each region are also different. In order to prevent people with household registration in the capital from taking advantage of the high admission rate for the imperial examination, it is specially stipulated that only those who have held a Tokyo household registration for more than 7 years can be assigned to take the examination in the Tokyo area. However, don’t criticize the region. “Good household registration” does not only have privileges. According to the Song Dynasty’s tax collection law, they also paid the most taxes.
When I was in school, I always memorized Fan Zhongyan's eternally famous poem "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which described the beautiful scenery of Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake, which seemed to be true. In fact, Fan Zhongyan wrote so vividly that he himself had never seen Yueyang Tower. "Yueyang Tower" was written at the request of his old friend Teng Zijing, who knew Yuezhou. At that time, he himself knew Dengzhou, which was thousands of miles away, and the court did not allow officials to leave their posts without authorization. Although we can't see it with our own eyes, people's imagination has fooled us for so many years.
When the economy is prosperous, fashion is very developed...to the point of being full and full. During Renzong's time, it was popular to wear tall and long white-horned crowns, the longest of which was more than three feet long. The comb in the hair was also more than a foot long. "The wings hug the face and hang down to the shoulders." Because it is too long and too big, you have to turn sideways to get in when boarding the car.
Another strange fashion that emerged during Renzong's reign was eyebrow shaving - shaving the eyebrows and then using ink to draw two false eyebrows. It’s hard to imagine what that would be like.
During Renzong’s Qingli period, a large source of government revenue was liquor tax, which accounted for 2/5 of the total tax revenue. How to understand this? You can understand it if you think about the current situation of the tobacco monopoly. In the Song Dynasty, the wine monopoly was implemented.
The Song Dynasty also had art troupes. In the Song Dynasty, acrobats were incorporated into the army and were called Dianqian Si Zuojun and Dianqian Si Youjun. They were paid monthly and were responsible for performing at imperial banquets. However, when it comes to big banquets, this cultural troupe is often short of manpower, and will hire artists from the private sector to make up for the shortage.
Nowadays, people like to add official names when addressing others, such as Mr. Chaosan, the doctor on the right, admonished the doctor to fill the Jixianyuan's compilation authority, and judged the Xijing Liusi censor on the stage, Zhuguo, Hanoi County, Kaiguo, Shiyi, 1,300 households were granted food, and 400 households were granted a purple gold fish bag by Sima Guang.
One of the reasons why Song Renzong is called Renzong is that he has a good heart. He was indeed kind to people and had several famous stories.
First, one day he was hungry in the middle of the night and wanted to eat roasted mutton, but he was afraid that if he asked for it, it would become a rule in the palace to slaughter more every day, so he endured hunger until dawn; another time he came back from outside and entered Gong asked for water, saying he was terribly thirsty. The concubine asked him why he didn't drink on the way. He said that he looked back several times and didn't see any of his entourage bringing boiling water bottles. He was afraid that if he asked, someone would be punished, so he endured his thirst and didn't say anything.
Zhang Fangping, the magistrate of Yizhou, had a special method of collecting books. He borrowed other people's books to read and returned them a few days later. Every word of the book was imprinted in his mind. It can be called an ancient kindle. The reason why he has this unique secret is that his family was poor when he was a child and he had no money to buy books, but he was eager to learn, so he developed this skill.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, civil servants in Beijing generally rented apartments. This was partly because housing prices in Kaifeng were too expensive, and partly because civil servants were highly mobile. One day they were in Beijing and the next they might be sent abroad. However, the rental price is not cheap. Prime Minister Xiang Minzhong spent 5,000 guan to buy Xue An's big house and rented it to the Xue family. The rent for one day was 2 guan. If you rent an ordinary house, the daily rent is 500 yuan, which is half a pound. How expensive is this? If you rent a room in a local prefecture or county, the daily rent is only a few cents. During the Huizong Dynasty of Song Dynasty, inflation doubled the rent.
But if you don’t have to clock in every day, it would be a good idea to buy a piece of land and build a house in the suburbs of Kaifeng. During the reign of Renzong, the best land in Sishui County in western Beijing cost only more than 300 yuan per acre. At that time, a breakfast in Kaifeng cost more than 20 yuan. If you save breakfast for a month, you can buy a piece of land and build a villa. But of course, you still have to pay for labor and materials when building a house.
At that time, the government also engaged in public rental housing. There was a housekeeping department that was responsible for the public rental housing business. More than 20,000 units could be rented out a year, and the average monthly rent for each unit was more than 4 yuan, which was higher than that of civil servants. Rented private houses are cheaper, but they are probably of poor quality. In addition, this public rental housing will also increase with inflation. By the time Shenzong arrived, each room would cost more than 5 guan.
National hero Yue Fei also worked as a landlord. He built 38 rooms for rent, and he could collect rent of 430 yuan per day.
During the Song Dynasty, it was popular for high-ranking officials to drink tea produced in Jianzhou, Fujian Province. When Cai Xiang was the transport envoy of Fujian Road, he paid tribute to Renzong with small tea cakes from Jianzhou Tea. Each cake only weighed half a tael and was worth 18 strings. With enough money, I can buy a house. By the time of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, this tea was even more expensive, and a cake of tea could be sold for 40 yuan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was sold at sky-high prices. The first-class tea every year, a small cake as big as a belt buckle, could only be brewed for a few cups, and sold for 400 guan.
The Daxiangguo Temple in Kaifeng City was a major trust in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that not long after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu visited Daxiangguo Temple and asked the accompanying abbot Zan Ning whether he should kneel down and worship in front of the Buddha statue. Zan Ning replied: "The Buddha of the present does not worship the Buddha of the past." Taizu smiled knowingly and it was custom-made. After that, Xiangguo Temple was designated as a royal temple, and it became a custom for the emperor to visit the temple during the Lantern Festival. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty also personally presented a plaque with gold characters written by the emperor. Daxiangguo Temple has huge temple properties. During Shenzong's time, the headquarters alone had sixty-four courtyards. It also operated a large number of restaurants, shops, pawnshops and manors around the temple and inside and outside the capital. "Every transaction costs tens of millions." , the income from the rent is divided between the government and the temple.
There once was a monk named Huiming in Xiangguo Temple who was good at cooking pork. People called the monastery where he lived "the roasted pig courtyard". The literary giant Yang Yi often took his friends to eat there. He once said to him: "This roasted pig house is not very elegant, so why not change it to Shaozhuyuan." Thus, Shaozhuyuan became famous.
Xiangguo Temple also produced monks who took wives. There was a monk named Chenghui, who was married to a prostitute. Every time he got drunk, he couldn't help but chant: "The Tathagata is happy and romantic, and his glory will never be forgotten!" A rogue young man asked to see the beauty of this "Vatican sister-in-law" Yes, Chenghui did not agree. The next day, the plaque of the monastery where Chenghui lived was covered with new paper, and it read "Edict to the Temple of Two Flyings". It was probably the young man who did it.
In the Song Dynasty, women were used as objects. Han Qi kept a retainer in Dingzhou, and seeing that he was single, he bought a woman as a gift for him; Ouyang Xiu wrote an epitaph for the late prime minister Wang Dan. In order to thank Wang Dan's son, in addition to paying the royalties, he also bought two maids as gifts for him. .
The clan member Zhao Zhongqi bought a woman as a concubine. Soon after, he was drunk and burned her face. He even complained to the Kaifeng Mansion and asked for a return. The Kaifeng Mansion then refused on the grounds that "it's worn out, worthless, and can't be sold again." , and finally, under the intervention of the emperor, the money was returned to the woman and she was sent home.
It only costs a few pennies to ask a singer to sing a song while dining in Kaifeng. It would be expensive to ask prostitutes to accompany you to a banquet. A banquet with multiple prostitutes to accompany you would cost twenty or thirty guan, which is between twenty and thirty thousand yuan. What about a night with a prostitute? There was a famous courtesan called Wang Meiniang, who paid her 10 taels of silver to sleep with her a night.
Working people changed history like this: When the Song Dynasty founded the Tang Dynasty, Kaifeng was managed according to the Lifang, which is equivalent to dividing the city into many residential areas. Each area has walls and is closed and locked at night. , people cannot take to the streets for no reason. However, the urban area of ??Kaifeng is narrow, the population is growing rapidly, and the economy is developed. Soon there is not enough space. Residents along the street build private buildings and open windows and doors on the walls of the squares. The city squares are useless and lively at night. The government tried to govern it several times, and the curfew was restored twice during the reigns of Taizong and Zhenzong, but neither succeeded. By the time of Renzong, it had completely become a city that never sleeps, and the Lifang system withdrew from history.
There was also venture capital in the Song Dynasty. "Su Wei Gong Collected Works" records that during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, there was a shop owner in Kaifeng who was interested in a doctor of wine and gave him a loan of 100 yuan to open a foot shop. The doctor lived up to his expectations, and he paid off his capital with interest within a year.
Su Shi's first wife, Wang Fu, was quite wise in life. She once taught Su Shi: "Quick friendships are unreliable."
Wang Anshi loved keeping diaries, and he wrote seventy volumes in one day. He once commented in his diary on his former boss, Han Qi, a minister of the three generations of Ren, Ying and Shenzong: "Qi has no other merits, except his good looks and ears." I really want to read it.
Writing pornography is a hobby of many literati. Ouyang Xiu wrote a poem called "Drunk Penglai":
Seeing the shameful face, the young face is evenly red, and the waist is slim. On the edge of the red medicine lantern, I am annoyed but I don’t know how to deal with it. Half-hiding her shyness, her voice was trembling, and she asked, "Does anyone know?" He straightened his clothes, stole his eyes, and pretended to walk and sit.
I even asked what if, after the matter was settled, my hair was messed up, and my mother guessed it. I'll go home and you'll have a rest now. I'm still going to my mother's business, I have some needlework, but I haven't collected it yet. But it's late at night, under the shadow of flowers in the garden, and it's time to come back.
Liu Yong was unhappy in his official career, but he was happy in love. He wrote a poem, from which his popularity can be seen: Teachers, teachers and students are beautiful, the fragrance is affectionate to me, Anana is longer than peace, four are beaten into one.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a custom of generous marriages. The cost of marrying a daughter was far more than the cost of marrying a wife. Therefore, marrying a wife was also a way to get rich. Jinshi Huang Zuozhi married the daughter of a wealthy man, Wang Sheng, and received a dowry worth five million yuan, making him well-off overnight.
An epitaph unearthed from the Liao Dynasty records a good deed: a man named Liang Yuan went to the Jinshi examination with his elder brother. Seeing that his elder brother was not good at learning, he signed his examination paper with the name of his elder brother. His name helped his brother win the first prize. This kind of impostor was strictly prohibited in the Song Dynasty, but in the Liao Dynasty it was written into epitaphs as a kind of beautiful talk.
Understanding one of Sima Guang’s social views helps to understand his opposition to Wang Anshi: He advocated women to cover their faces when going out, “Women do not peek at the middle door for no reason, but if they go out of the middle door for a reason, they must cover their faces. , such as hijab, face hat, etc.”! Hijab is a curtain hat in the Tang Dynasty. "Qingbo Farewell" explains: "Women walk on the thoroughfare and cover half of their bodies with a square purple barrier. It is commonly known as hijab." Sima Guang also praised the ladies in "Family Style" for going out in public with their faces covered.
Sima Guang and Wang Anshi also had an eternal criminal dispute, known in history as the "Dengzhou Ayun Case." During the Xining reign of Shenzong, Ayun, a teenage girl from Dengzhou, was dissatisfied with her fiancé's ugly appearance and hacked him to death with a knife. However, he was not hacked to death and only one of his fingers was broken off. Afterwards, Ayun surrendered to the government. Wang Anshi believed that this case was an attempted murder and should not be sentenced to death; Sima Guang believed that this was a challenge to ethics and that not killing Ayun would destroy social order, so he advocated killing him. Under the auspices of Shenzong, Ayun was sentenced to 37 years in prison. After Shenzong's death, Sima Guang came back to take charge. After taking power, he immediately reversed the verdict and executed Ayun for treason.
“Buddha makeup” is popular among women in Liao Dynasty.
The envoys of the Song Dynasty went to Liao Dynasty and saw that "Hu women in Yan used yellow things to paint their faces, which is called Wuzhuang". Wuzhuang is "Buddha makeup", which is characterized by "deep yellow face paint, red eyebrows and black kisses, which is called Buddha makeup" . There is a makeup method in "Ji Ribian": apply cucumber (not the cucumber eaten in modern times) on your face in winter, do not wash it, and then wash it off in spring. "It will not be invaded by wind and sun for a long time, so it will be as white as jade." It seems to function like a facial mask.
In the "Wutai Poetry Case" in which Su Shi was dealt with, the person who received the most severe punishment was not Su Shi, but his good friend, Prince Consort Wang Shen, because Shenzong avenged his sister. Shenzong's biological sister Princess Bao'an married Wang Shen, but Wang Shen married several concubines and subjected Princess Bao'an to cold violence, causing the princess to become depressed and ill. Her only son also died at the age of three, and Princess Bao'an was not born. Died at 30. Shenzong had a very good relationship with this sister. He cried so much that he could not look at the court for five days. After that, he not only demoted Wang Shen and punished his concubines with a cane, but also distributed them to the soldiers. This reason was written down by Shenzong in the edict that demoted Wang Shen.
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