Therefore, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi to carry out the reform. There were nine emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty, including Taizu, Taizong, Zhenzong, Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, Zhezong, Huizong and Qinzong. Shenzong was the sixth emperor.

Wang Anshi’s reform had three aspects.

First, financial management measures. The core of financial management measures is this sentence: "The people do not add taxes, but the country uses money." It will not increase the burden on the people, but it will increase the country's income. If we don't mess with the people, the state will still want to take money. This is obviously taking a knife from the rich. Therefore, his reform is not only an adjustment of class relations, but also an adjustment of relations within the ruling class. The first is the green seedling method. Every year during the lean period, loans are given to farmers in two installments, with an interest rate increase of 20% after the harvest. Compared with now, the interest rate of 20% is too high, now it is only a few thousandths. You don't have to borrow if you think it's too high, but if you don't borrow from ***, you can only borrow from loan sharks and landlords, and that's an interest of 200. Therefore, in this case, the phrase "the people do not increase taxes but the state uses spares" will make things miserable for the bureaucrats and landlords. These people want to exploit the people and have no way to exploit them.

The second is the draft law, which collects exemption money from those who should serve but are unwilling to serve. Bureaucrats and landlords who hired people to serve, but who did not serve, also had to pay to reduce the peasants' labor burden and ensure production time. In this way, the bureaucratic landlords who could not serve and pay no money now have to pay if they do not serve. Again, farmland water conservancy law. Again, Fangtian equalization tax law. *** The land should be re-measured and taxed according to the fertility of each household, with no exception for bureaucratic landlords. The land of bureaucratic landlords must be abundant and fertile, while the land of farmers is small and barren, so the fertile land must be harvested more and the barren land less.

Finally, the market transaction method, *** sets up market transactions, pays for the purchase of unsalable goods, and then sells them when the market is in short supply. This limits the control of the market by big businessmen. There is an idiom called "hoarding". It was originally a way for businessmen to make money, but now it is like the Communist Party is doing this. This is conducive to stabilizing prices and commodity exchanges, reducing the burden on the people and increasing people's income. *** Buying down jackets in the summer costs 200 yuan each to avoid a backlog in the warehouse, so merchants sell down jackets to ***. In the winter, *** sell it for 600 yuan, and then *** earn 400 yuan, right? But if a businessman sells it, he may sell it for eight hundred, nine hundred, or one thousand. Therefore, the result of this is that *** gets the money, and the prices for the people can be cheaper, and then the businessmen suffer losses, that's what it means. Therefore, the overall financial management measures reflect the core idea of ??"the people do not increase wealth, but the state uses wealth."

Short-term reform

The second reform was military measures.

First, the protection method. *** Organize rural households and provide one guarantee for every ten (later changed to five) families, five guarantees for one major guarantee, and ten major guarantees for one all. And if you have two boys in your family, one of you will be the guardian. During the off-season, they trained troops and farmed during peacetime. During wartime, they were incorporated into the army to resist Liao and Xia attacks and reduce military expenditures. This kind of soldiers is actually called militia, which is used to defend the homeland. China is most suitable for such an army. Because some people say that Chinese people despise their country and value their country. They are brave enough to fight privately but timid in public wars. You're brave enough to fight. Just look at my wife and I'm not done with you. I am timid when foreign enemies invade. When aliens attack, I hide. Chinese people have a strong sense of rurality. When they go abroad, if you are from Beijing, I am from Beijing, and if you are from Shanghai, I am from Shanghai. They do not say that you are Chinese and I am Chinese. The organization is also a Beijing hometown association, not a Chinese hometown association. There is a lack of country concept. So this militia is very suitable. What you are protecting is your wife and your hometown.

The Art of War. The Forbidden Army was stationed in a fixed location, and then fixed generals were trained to strengthen border defense.

The third part of the reform is educational measures.

Reform the imperial examination, abolish the Ming classics, and establish Ming laws. The Ming Jing is just something to be memorized by rote, which is useless. Rectify Imperial College and make the school a place to create public opinion for the reform and educate talents. Therefore, Wang Anshi's role was to reverse the social crisis to a certain extent through reforms.

It's a pity that it failed in the end. The reason for the failure was improper employment of people, which harmed the people. The more important reason is that it offends the interests of big landowners and big bureaucrats. When Sima Guang came to power, the same man who smashed the vat when he was a child, Wang Anshi's new law was repealed.

Good intentions lead to bad things

Why did Wang Anshi’s reform employ the wrong people?

Wang Anshi was under great pressure to do this. Because China has always been dominated by Confucianism, and the political proposition of Confucianism is that the king should be the king before the law. You must respect the rules of the previous dynasties and kings, and if you want to reform, you are generally considered to be deviant and treasonous. So Wang Anshi stood up to the thunder and was under great pressure. He made it clear that my reform was based on such a principle. Prime Minister *** quoted these three sentences at a press conference: "There is no need to fear changes in nature, no laws in ancestors, and no sympathy in people's words." Not afraid of change. Because of Wang Anshi's reform, you see the earthquake, with a magnitude of 7.9, which is a natural change. Wang Anshi said that I didn't believe it, so I would continue to change and make a level 8.3 for me to see.

The ancestors are not worthy of the law. The laws of the ancestors must be maintained in the land of the ancestors. If the land of the ancestors is not maintained, how can we talk about the laws of the ancestors?

Words are not enough. Everyone blames you. The more they complain, the more correct it proves that I am. The truth is often in the hands of a few people.

So when these three principles are implemented, at best it sounds like they are fearless and to move forward in an indomitable way, but at worst it sounds like this guy is too stunned. If you are not afraid of anyone, not God or your ancestors, then no one can control you, and then things tend to go to extremes. At this time, the foundation for improper employment was laid.

Many people may not agree with the new law, but because Wang Xianggong insisted on using the new law, I pretended to support it. I asked for an official position. In order to ask for an official position, I pretended that I valued the new law. Because there were too few people supporting Wang Anshi at that time, I became an official at once. After I became an official, I used this new law as a means to make money. Obviously the green shoot law should be 20, so I charged 30 in interest. Lifting makes the merit of dispersing more. I overcharged. It should be that the people need to borrow money, so I lend it to them. Now I am forcing you, the people, to borrow money whether you want to or not. If the loan cannot be repaid, the rich will guarantee for the poor. There must be a landlord in your village. If you have a landlord, you will provide guarantees to all the farmers, even if I ask you for it. In the end, not only the farmers in that village fled, but also the landlords. "A gentleman is a metaphor for righteousness, Confucius once said, and a villain is a metaphor for profit." Therefore, the person who sacrifices his life for righteousness is a gentleman, and the one who pursues profit is a villain. The so-called scholars, farmers, industry and commerce, an important reason why businessmen are at the bottom of the four people is that they pursue profit. "Pipa Xing" "Businessmen value profits over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea." People who don't take parting lightly can't support you. Bai Juyi looked down on them, saying, "Businessmen value profits over parting." And this is what you, Wang Anshi, have been thinking about all day long. "The people do not add taxes, but the country uses spares." If you pursue profits all day long, you are a villain. How can a villain govern the country?

One of the most prominent characteristics of ancient China is that "officials do not compete with the people for profit." When you become an official, you cannot do business and compete with the common people for profit. In fact, this is the case in many countries today. I have become the mayor and my family wants to open a company. Can you compete with me? You have no idea. Therefore, officials cannot do this and compete with the people for profit. And what Wang Anshi did was to compete with the people for profit, "the people do not add taxes, but the country uses mercy." Then don't those landlords count as the people? So do they. You are competing with the people for profit. So these things became the excuse for conservatives to attack him. Later, many conservatives said that Wang Anshi's reform had various shortcomings. They did not make it up out of thin air. He did have these problems. After Wang Anshi's reform, the ministers in the court were divided into the new party and the old party. The new party attacked the old party when it came up, and the old party attacked the new party when it came up. The party fought with the same party and opposed the different party. This resulted in the party struggle among the ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty becoming more and more intense, which was also an important reason for the fall of the country.

Wang Anshi’s Reform was not highly evaluated in history, but why is it so highly praised in textbooks? It’s because we misread Lenin’s Selected Works. Lenin said that Wang Anshi was a reformer in China. What Lenin said was actually a note in parentheses: Wang Anshi was a reformer in China in the 11th century.

In fact, the great proletarian revolutionary mentor did not give Wang Anshi such a high evaluation. Lenin said that he was a reformer in China in order to introduce to the Russians who Wang Anshi was and to explain Wang Anshi's identity.

In fact, Wang Anshi was written into the biography of traitorous ministers in many places. History does not have a very high opinion of him, "The world is in turmoil, the parties are united against those who are different, and the parties are fighting for each other." It turned out that the conflicts in the court were not so severe, but now all kinds of conflicts were suddenly stimulated by Wang Anshi, so his reform ultimately failed. Some people even say that Wang Anshi was responsible for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.