1In May 1998, the People's Bank of China formulated the Guiding Principles for Loan Classification with reference to international practices and China's national conditions, requiring commercial banks to classify loan quality into five categories according to the actual repayment ability of borrowers, that is, according to the degree of risk, loans are classified into five categories: normal, concerned, secondary, doubtful and loss, and the last three categories are non-performing loans.
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How to control loans overdue:
1. Conduct preliminary examination on customer qualification through post-event inspection.
As the first line of defense of loan risk, the review post should pay attention to the acceptance process and be vigilant. Examining the completeness, completeness and compliance of the application materials submitted by the applicant; Whether the applicant's subject qualification meets the relevant business requirements of our bank and whether it has a bad credit record; Whether the loan purpose is in line with our credit policy and whether it is specific; Whether the loan investigation report is complete, whether the calculation of key financial indicators is accurate, whether the obtained data is cross-verified, whether the customer credit rating table is reasonable, and whether the palm reading suggestion in the investigation report is reasonable; Verify the borrower's information by telephone to ensure that the guarantor of the loan understands its guarantee responsibility and whether the team members of the joint guarantee loan understand its joint liability. The unqualified business is returned to the loan officer, and the loan officer supplements the corresponding materials or refuses to lend according to the examination opinions.
2. Approval of loan information by members of the loan committee.
The members of the loan review committee may be the post of microfinance business supervisor of tier-one branches with certain experience, post-lending management post of microfinance institutions and microfinance business supervisor. As the second line of defense against loan risks, the quality of the loan review meeting will directly affect the risks in loans overdue, and also affect the quality of investigation and review. Therefore, the members of the Loan Audit Committee should fully grasp the information in the investigation report in advance, grasp the main risks, and ask the loan officer about the personal basic situation of the loan applicant, the purpose of the loan, production and operation, operating cash flow, repayment ability, personal credit of the operator and other issues. The loan officer should highlight the key points and truthfully answer the questions raised by the loan review meeting. The loan Committee will implement a one-vote veto system, and only when all members of the loan Committee unanimously approve it will the lender approve it. At each loan review meeting, a special person shall be appointed to record the contents of the loan review meeting, record the questions of the members of the loan review meeting and the answers of the loan personnel in detail, and fill in the loan review meeting record form. There should be no "going through the motions".
3. Post-loan inspection and loan collection.
Although post-loan management is a relatively low-risk link in the loan process, it can not be ignored. Only by grasping this last line of defense and not relaxing can we truly resist the loan risk. Post-lending inspection is an important part of post-lending management, including initial post-lending inspection, routine post-lending inspection and special post-lending inspection. The main means used are telephone, face-to-face, on-the-spot inspection, inquiring about the credit information system of the People's Bank of China, and detecting repayment account numbers. In daily work, credit officers should pay attention to the early warning information of customers' personal qualities, customers' credit status, whether major changes have taken place in customers' family members, the signals of changes in the management, key technicians and major customers of customers' enterprises, whether workers' wages can be paid normally, the signals of changes in customers' performance ability and other situations that affect customers' repayment ability and willingness. Once overdue is found, corresponding collection measures should be taken immediately to ensure the safety of funds.