After the founding of New China, after three years of economic recovery, the national economy has been fundamentally improved, and industrial production has exceeded the highest level in history. However, at that time, China was still a backward agricultural country, and the per capita possession of many industrial products was much lower than that of developed countries. In order to carry out socialist construction in a planned way, our government has formulated the first five-year plan for developing the national economy. Its basic tasks are: to concentrate on developing heavy industry and lay a preliminary foundation for national industrialization and national defense modernization; Gradually promote the cooperation between agriculture and handicrafts; Continue to transform capitalist industry and commerce; Ensure the steady growth of the proportion of socialist components in the national economy. The first five-year plan was implemented from 1953. It has become the starting point of China's industrialization. At the beginning of the first five-year plan, the level of industrialization in China was very low, and Mao Zedong once described it vividly: "What can we build now? You can build tables and chairs, teapots and bowls, grow food, grind food into flour and make paper, but you can't build cars, planes, tanks or tractors. " Therefore, the focus of the first five-year plan is to give priority to the development of heavy industry. The preparation of the first five-year plan was presided over by Zhou Enlai and Chen Yun. It took four years from 195 1, and it was finalized by Wuyi, and it was basically finalized by 1954. The first five-year plan period is 1953 to 1957. China's first five-year plan is the national economic development plan of China people and China. Referred to as "the First Five-Year Plan".

Edit the historical background of this paragraph

From the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 to the end of 1952, it is a picture related to the national economic recovery of China.

Period. During this period, the state adopted a series of principles, policies and measures. On the one hand, it stopped the hyperinflation left by the Kuomintang government during the Republic of China, stabilized market prices, and restored the national economy seriously damaged by the war. On the other hand, the reform of feudal land system was basically completed, which liberated rural productive forces, developed socialist state-owned economy, established the leading position of state-owned economy in capitalist economy and individual economy, and created conditions for planned economy construction.

Edit the contents of this plan

On the basis of the rapid recovery and development of the national economy, the first five-year plan for developing the national economy was implemented in 1953. According to the requirements of the general line of China's * * * Production Party in the transitional period, the basic tasks of the state plan are: to concentrate the main forces on industrial construction centered on the 156 construction unit designed by the Soviet Union to help China, and to establish the initial foundation of socialist industrialization in China; Develop agricultural production cooperatives under partial collective ownership, develop handicraft production cooperatives, and establish the initial foundation for socialist transformation of agriculture and handicrafts; Basically, capitalist industry and commerce will be incorporated into various forms of state capitalism, laying the foundation for the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce. Take this as the center, balance finance, credit and market, and arrange people's lives well. According to this basic task, the first five-year plan was drawn up from 195 1, basically finalized in 1954, formally adopted by the National People's Congress in 1955, and revised five times. According to the plan, the average annual growth rate of the total industrial output value is 14.7%, the average annual growth rate of the total agricultural output value is 4.3%, the total capital construction investment is 42.74 billion yuan, the number of rural cooperative households with 1957 accounts for about13 of the total households, the steel output is 41200,000 tons, and the grain output is. These indicators are realistic, positive and reliable, leaving room. The method of planning is to attach importance to the coordination of the proportion of main products in various departments and the comprehensive balance of manpower, material resources and financial resources.

Edit the execution result of this paragraph.

1956 announced the completion of the tasks specified in the plan ahead of schedule. At the end of 1953, details of Angang.

Three major projects, such as B-type rolling mill, were completed and put into operation. 1956, Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory, the earliest truck factory in China, produced the first automobile. China No.1 Aircraft Factory successfully trial-produced the first jet; The first machine tool plant in China and the first machine tool plant in Shenyang were completed and put into operation. 1957, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, connecting the traffic between the north and south of the Yangtze River. 1957 produces 5.35 million tons of steel, 0.30 million tons of raw coal and 0.95 million tons of grain. Average annual growth of total social output value 1 1.3%, industrial and agricultural output value1.1%,agriculture 4.5%, industry 18% (including light industry12.9) In the total industrial and agricultural output value, the proportion of total industrial output value rose from 30% in 1949 to 56.7% in 1957, and the economic structure changed greatly, which laid a preliminary foundation for China's industrialization. In the past five years, the labor productivity of industrial workers has increased by 52. 1%, the agricultural labor productivity has increased by 1 1.9%, the industrial material consumption has decreased by 2.3%, and the profit per 100 yuan of output value 17.5438+0 yuan. The national income increased by 8.9% annually on average. The consumption level of urban and rural residents in China increased by 4.2% annually, including 3.2% for farmers and 4.9% for workers. At the same time, the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce has been completed, creating more favorable conditions for the development of productive forces. By the end of 1957, various economic construction indicators were generally significantly exceeded, especially in industry and transportation. Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang-Tibet highways have been built as "the roof of the world", which closely links the mainland of the motherland with the border areas and promotes economic and cultural exchanges. From then on, China began to change the face of industrial backwardness and move towards socialist industrialization.

Edit this main experience

(1) Pay attention to combining needs and possibilities in terms of development speed from the national conditions and national strength; On the basis of developing production, pay attention to improving people's lives; (3) Pay attention to comprehensive balance, leave some reserve forces, and give consideration to the relationship between key points and general ones; ④ To adapt to the existence and development of various economic sectors, some flexible policies have been adopted. However, due to excessive demand in some aspects, the proportion of agriculture, light industry and heavy industry is not harmonious, which leads to tight market supply. During this period, grain, cotton and oil were uniformly purchased and sold. The main problem in the implementation of the "First Five-Year Plan" is that agricultural production can't keep up with the pace of industrial production. The gross industrial output value accounts for 70% of the total agricultural output value and the means of production accounts for 60% of the total industrial output value as one of the important signs to realize national industrialization, which ignores the development of agriculture to some extent. Second, 1956 is aggressive as a whole. The total capital investment is1473.5 billion yuan, an increase of 70% over the previous year, which is higher than the investment in 1953 and 1954. The proportion of capital construction loans in fiscal expenditure has soared from 30.2% in the previous year to 48%, which has caused national financial tension. Third, the socialist transformation was too urgent and too fast, and the sequelae dragged on for a long time. The target effect plan stipulates that the total industrial output value will increase by 14.7% annually, the total agricultural output value will increase by 4.3% annually, the total capital investment will be 42.74 billion yuan, the number of rural cooperative households will be 65,438+the total number of households will be 0.3, the steel output will be 4120,000 tons, and the grain output will be 1.9. These indicators are realistic, positive and reliable, leaving room. The method of planning is to attach importance to the coordination of the proportion of main products in various departments and the comprehensive balance of manpower, material resources and financial resources. The first five-year plan reflects the people's strong desire to quickly build China into a socialist industrial country. After the formulation of the first five-year plan, China's industrialization proposal and socialist transformation flourished. The first five-year plan was overfulfilled at the end of 1957. People's lives have been greatly improved. 1957, the national average wage of workers reached 637 yuan, an increase of 42.8% compared with 1952, and the income ratio of farmers increased by nearly 30%. The average consumption level of the people reached 102 yuan in 1957, which was 34.2% higher than that of 76 yuan in 1952. Great progress has also been made in culture, education, health, science and art. The overfulfilment of the first five-year plan laid the initial foundation for China's socialist industrialization, improved people's living standards, demonstrated the superiority of the socialist system, and initially accumulated experience in socialist construction.

Edit the economic impact of this paragraph.

socialist transformation

The basic completion of the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production has made the socialist economic components occupy an absolute advantage in the national economy. In the national income, compared with 1952, the proportion of state-owned economy rose from 19% to 33%, cooperative economy from10.5% to 56%, public-private partnership economy from 0.7% to 8%, and individual economy from 7296 to 3%.

infrastructure

In five years, the total investment in China was 55 billion yuan, of which the total capital investment in the fields of economy, culture and education was 49.3 billion yuan, exceeding the original plan of 42.74 billion yuan by 15.3%. Fixed assets increased by 46 billion yuan in five years, equivalent to 1.9 times the original value of fixed assets at the end of 0952. More than 10,000 industrial and mining construction projects were completed in five years, including 92 large and medium-sized projects, 227 more than planned. Up to now, 65,438+0,957,428 projects have been completed and put into operation, and 65,438+0,09 projects have been put into operation partially. By the end of 1957, 35 of the 156 construction projects that the Soviet Union helped China to build had been completed, and 68 had been fully completed and partially put into operation. Some industries that China did not have in the past, including airplanes, automobiles, power generation equipment, heavy machinery, new machine tools, precision instruments, electrolytic aluminum, seamless steel pipes, alloy steel, plastics, radio, etc., have grown from scratch, changing the incomplete situation of China's industries and increasing the strength of basic industries.

industrial development

The total industrial and agricultural output value of 1957 reached 124 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 67.8% over 1952. The national income of 1957 is 53% higher than that of 1952. The total industrial output value of 1957 is 2 1% higher than the original plan and 128.5% higher than that of 1952. The total industrial output value of the original five-year plan grew at an average annual rate of 14.7%, and actually reached 18%. 1957 handicraft output value ratio 1952 increased by 83%, with an average annual growth of 12.8%. 1957 steel output was 5.35 million tons, nearly three times higher than that of 1952, and raw coal 1.3 1 100 million tons, an increase of 98596 compared with that of 1952, and power generation1930,000 kwh. The output of machine tools reached 28,000 sets, which was 7.7 times higher than that of 1949. Cotton cloth is 5.06 billion feet, 32.96 million tons more than 1952, and sugar is 860,000 tons, 92% more than 1952.

agricultural production

Agricultural production has made great progress. 1957 The total agricultural output value is10/%as planned, which is 25% higher than 1952, with an average annual growth rate of 4.5%. Grain output 1957 reached 390 billion Jin, an increase of 1952/9%; The cotton output was 32.8 million tons, an increase of 25.8% compared with 1952. The average annual growth rates of grain and cotton are 3.7% and 4.7% respectively. Within five years, the country will add 58.67 million mu of cultivated land. 1957 The cultivated land area in China reached 167450 mu, which was10/%of the original plan. In five years, the newly-increased irrigation area in China is 2 1.865438+ 10,000 mu, which is equivalent to 69% of the total irrigation area 1.952.

transport

By the end of 1957, the national railway mileage reached 29,862 kilometers, an increase of 22% over 1952. Within five years, 33 new railways will be built, 3 railways will be restored, and trunk lines, double-track lines and branch lines will be built or repaired about 1 10,000 kilometers. Baoji-chengdu railway, yingtan-Xiamen Railway and Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge have been built one after another. By the end of 1957, the national highway mileage reached more than 250,000 kilometers, which was 1 times higher than 1952. Kangzang, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinzang highways were opened to traffic one after another.

Edit the questions related to this paragraph.

First, agricultural production can't keep up with the pace of industrial production, and the gross industrial output value accounts for 70% of the total agricultural output value and the means of production accounts for 60% of the total industrial output value as one of the important signs to realize national industrialization, which ignores the development of agriculture to some extent. Second, 1956 is aggressive as a whole. The total capital investment is1473.5 billion yuan, an increase of 70% over the previous year, which is higher than the investment in 1953 and 1954. The proportion of capital construction loans in fiscal expenditure has soared from 30.2% in the previous year to 48%, which has caused national financial tension. Third, the socialist transformation is too urgent and too fast, leaving sequelae for a long time.