Get short-term loans
When an enterprise borrows money from a bank or other financial institution, it shall sign a loan contract, indicating the loan amount, loan interest rate and repayment time. Should I debit when I get short-term loans? Bank deposit? Subject, credit? Short-term borrowing? Theme.
Interest charges on short-term loans
Interest expenses incurred by enterprises to obtain short-term loans should generally be treated as financial expenses and included in current profits and losses. Banks or other financial institutions generally charge loan interest at the end of the quarter, so enterprises need to withhold short-term loan interest at the end of the month.
Repayment of short-term loans
When the enterprise repays the principal of short-term loan at maturity, it should debit it? Short-term borrowing? Subject, credit? Bank deposit? Theme.
Short-term loans refer to all kinds of loans that enterprises borrow from banks or other financial institutions for a period of less than one year (including one year). What should be set up in order to calculate the short-term loans of enterprises? Short-term borrowing? Subject, in which the lender registers to obtain the loan principal amount, the borrower registers to repay the loan principal amount, and the balance is deposited in the lender, indicating the outstanding loan principal amount. This course carries out detailed accounting according to the loan type, lender and currency.
I. Accounting Methods for Short-term Loans
The accounting of short-term loans mainly includes three aspects:
1. Accounting treatment for obtaining loans (When an enterprise borrows money from a bank or other financial institution, it shall sign a loan contract, indicating the loan amount, loan interest rate, repayment time, etc. );
2. Accounting of loan interest;
3. Accounting for loan repayment.
Short-term loans are generally short-term loans, which are usually recorded according to the amount obtained on the day when the loan is obtained. Short-term loan interest expense is the expense incurred by enterprises to raise funds in accounting activities, and should be included in the current profit and loss as a financial expense. Due to the different payment methods of interest, its accounting is not exactly the same. Short-term loan interest is charged on a monthly basis, or the principal and interest are repaid at one time, but the interest amount is not large, and the interest expense can be directly included in the current profit and loss; Short-term loans are charged interest on a quarterly (or semi-annual) basis, or the principal and interest are repaid in one lump sum. However, if the interest amount is large, monthly withholding, confirmation and expenses can be made by withholding.
Specific accounting process:
Short-term loan accounting enterprises borrow from banks or other financial institutions with a term of less than 1 year (including 1 year).
1. Various short-term loans borrowed by enterprises.
Debit: bank deposit
Loans: short-term loans
2. On the balance sheet date, the interest expense of short-term loans shall be calculated and determined.
Debit: financial expenses
Loan: bank deposit (direct payment)
Interest payable (accrued at the end of the month)
Debit: financial expenses
Loan: interest payable
repay the loan
Borrow: short-term loans
Loans: bank deposits
Second, the accounting treatment of short-term loans
[for example? ] Xin Kai Company borrowed 800,000 yuan from the bank on 2011,with a term of 9 months and an annual interest rate of 4.5%. The interest on this loan is paid quarterly, and the principal will be returned at maturity. Related processing is as follows:
(1)65438+ 10/month 1 when borrowing:
Debit: 800,000 yuan from the bank.
Loan: short-term loan of 800,000 yuan.
(2) At the end of10, the current month's interest of 65438+800000 is accrued? 4.5% & amp； Leather; 12=3 000 (yuan)
Borrow: the financial expenses are 3,000 yuan.
Loan: Interest payable: 3,000.
The treatment of withholding interest at the end of the month is the same.
(3) When paying the interest payable in this quarter at the end of March:
Borrow: the financial expenses are 3,000 yuan.
Interest payable 6 000
Deposit: 9,000 in the bank.
Debt treatment in the second and third quarters is the same as above.
(4) When the loan principal is repaid on June 65438+ 10/day:
Borrow: short-term loan of 800,000 yuan.
Loan: 800,000 yuan in the bank.
Interest expenses incurred by enterprises to obtain short-term loans should generally be treated as financial expenses and included in current profits and losses. Banks or other financial institutions generally settle the loan interest at the end of the quarter, and do not pay interest in the first two months of each quarter.
According to the accrual basis principle, the interest expenses payable in the current month, even if not paid in the current month, should be treated as the interest expenses in the current month, and the amount of interest expenses in the current month should be estimated at the end of the month.
In the case that the amount of short-term loans is not large and the amount of interest expenses borne by each month is not large, a simplified accounting method can also be adopted for each month of the year, that is, in the month when interest is actually paid, all of them are debited as the financial expenses of the month. Financial expenses? Subject, credited to the "bank deposit" subject. However, at the end of the year, if there is loan interest that should be borne but not paid this year, it should be accrued, otherwise it will affect the calculation of annual income tax.
Global Ivy Friendship Reminder: These are the subjects that lenders should count when enterprises accrue short-term loan interest? ] the answer to the question, I hope it will help everyone!