1. Classification of long-term loans:
Long-term loans can be divided into long-term loans with repayment of principal and interest in installments and long-term loans with repayment of principal and interest in installments.
2. Long-term loan currency:
It can be divided into RMB long-term loans and foreign currency long-term loans.
3. Long-term loan purpose:
It can be divided into fixed assets investment loans, renovation loans, technology development loans and new product trial loans.
4. Long-term lending institutions:
It can be divided into policy bank loans and commercial bank loans. In addition, enterprises can also obtain trust and investment loans in kind or in monetary form from trust and investment companies, and obtain various medium and long-term loans from finance companies.
5. Long-term loan guarantee:
It can be divided into credit loans and mortgage loans.
(1) A credit loan refers to a loan issued only by the credit or reputation of the guarantor without the need for the enterprise to provide collateral.
(2) Mortgage loan refers to the loan that requires the enterprise to take the collateral as the guarantee. The collateral of long-term loans is often houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, stocks, bonds and so on.
Should the principal of long-term foreign currency loans be adjusted for exchange gains and losses at the end of the year? Should the interest be adjusted?
Long-term loans are calculated at the end of the period according to the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date, and the exchange difference generated is included in the current profit and loss.
Long-term loans:
Long-term loans are one of the main sources of funds for project investment. An investment project needs a lot of money, and it is often not enough to rely on its own funds, so it needs to borrow from abroad. Long-term loans generally come from domestic banks and international development institutions. ? Corporate bonds? It is the company's basic long-term debt securities, and it is a long-term promissory note with a term of more than 10 years. Important matters such as repayment of principal and interest, guarantee methods, etc. are agreed in trust deed. The financing of long-term loans should be limited to the part of funds that enterprises lack for long-term investment, because except for some international institutions, the cost of long-term loans is very high, so try to borrow less. Long-term loans can be repaid with new debts instead of old ones. There are two common ways of regular repayment: sinking fund and installment repayment. When borrowing long-term loans, decision makers should fully consider the expected cash flow and future interest rate changes of investment projects in order to obtain lower financing costs.
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