1. Loan refers to a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and on the condition that they must be returned. A simple and popular understanding is to borrow money with interest.
Second, banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out in the form of loans, which can meet the needs of expanding social reproduction and promoting economic development; At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.
Three principles refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, which are the fundamental principles of loan management of commercial banks. Article 4 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and be self-disciplined, and take safety, liquidity and efficiency as their operating principles."
1, loan security is the primary problem faced by commercial banks;
2. Liquidity refers to the ability to recover the loan within a predetermined period or realize it quickly without loss of land, so as to meet the needs of customers to withdraw deposits at any time;
3. Efficiency is the basis of sustainable operation of banks.
Fourth, for long-term loans, the interest rate is higher than that of short-term loans, and the income is good. However, if the loan term is long, the risk will increase, the safety will decrease and the liquidity will weaken. Therefore, the "three natures" should be harmonious, so that there can be no problem with the loan.
5. Interest refers to the remuneration paid by the borrower to the lender for obtaining the right to use the funds, which is the use price of the funds in a certain period (i.e. the loan principal). The loan interest can be calculated in detail by the loan interest calculator.
Six, in the civil law, interest is the legitimate fruits of the principal.
(1) The interest rate conversion formula for RMB business is (note: common for deposits and loans):
1. daily interest rate (0/000)= annual interest rate (%)÷360= monthly interest rate (‰)÷30.
2. Monthly interest rate (‰) = annual interest rate (%)÷ 12
(two) banks can use the product interest method and the transaction interest method to calculate interest.
1. Accumulate the account balance daily according to the actual number of days, and multiply the accumulated product by the daily interest rate to calculate the interest. The interest-bearing formula is:
Interest = cumulative interest-bearing product × daily interest rate, where cumulative interest-bearing product = total daily balance.
2. Transaction interest calculation method calculates interest one by one according to the preset interest calculation formula: interest = principal × interest rate × loan term. There are three specific methods.
If the interest-bearing period is a whole year (month), the interest-bearing formula is:
① Interest = principal × year (month )× year (month) interest rate
If the interest-bearing period is a whole year (month) and days, the interest-bearing formula is:
② Interest = principal × annual (monthly) × annual (monthly) interest rate+principal × odd days × daily interest rate.