Today's Zijinshan gold and copper mine is not only a national mine park, but also a national industrial tourism demonstration site, a national green mine pilot unit and the first batch of national demonstration bases for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Today, China Mining News/Mining will take you into the Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine to see how powerful this mine is!
This used to be the Purple Mountain.
In the 1990s, Shanghang was a national poverty-stricken county with a population of more than 400,000. The county's annual fiscal revenue is only 50 million yuan, and the economy is very difficult. Once, it paid its wages by borrowing money. It's a typical farming county, and there isn't even a large industrial enterprise in the area.
However, there is a purple mountain between Caixi in Shanghang and the old county, which is recorded in local chronicles. Gold has been mined in the history of Purple Mountain. In 1980s, it was discovered through nearly ten years' efforts of Fujian Geological Exploration Bureau. But can this gold mine be developed and utilized? After long-term research, there are two main problems: first, the ore body grade is low (equivalent to a pile of waste rocks according to the technical conditions at that time), the total amount of gold is small (only 5 tons is certain), and the ore body changes greatly. In addition, the mine is located on the mountain of about 1000 meters, with difficult mining conditions and large investment; Second, at that time, the state's policy on local gold mining had not been liberalized and it was not allowed to enter the market. Because of the low price of gold at that time, it was difficult to generate benefits from development. In this way, everyone can only look at the mine and sigh.
Fortunately, the motherland's reform and opening up has gone through 12 years, the reform measures of the CPC Central Committee are more mature and clear, and Fujian Province is also taking active actions, which has stimulated the local determination to strive to develop Zijinshan.
At that time, Chen Jinghe was the captain of the geological team exploring the Purple Mountain. On the past, he recalled: "1982 After I graduated from Fuzhou University, I worked in Minxi Geological Brigade of Fujian Province and went to Zijinshan for a general survey of gold mines, which soon became the main backbone of the project. 1984 I wrote a paper that there is vertical zoning of mineralization in Purple Mountain. Later, when drilling, the lower copper body was discovered in the first hole, and the exploration of the deposit changed from focusing on gold to focusing on gold and copper, and finally focused on copper. The copper mine in the lower part was discovered through metallogenic prediction, which was not just a fluke. A blind cat met a dead mouse. The gold resource reserve submitted by Zijinshan Mine is 5.45 tons, and the copper resource reserve is 6.5438+0.29 million tons, reaching a large scale. The discovery, exploration and research of Zijinshan copper (gold) mine is a major breakthrough in the geological prospecting and research of copper deposits in volcanic areas along the southeast coast of China and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress. "
After finding out the details of resources, although it was a huge opportunity on the surface, it did not succeed immediately because of the large investment and poor economic expectations. In this case, Shanghang County Mining Company has become the main body of development. At that time, the mining companies were very small, mainly relying on buying and selling mineral products, and some investment projects were basically ineffective. More importantly, there was a lack of mining talents. At this time, everyone thought of Comrade Chen Jinghe, a geological expert who is familiar with the situation and enthusiastic about his work. Under the strong expectation of Shanghang County Party Committee and government, after many invitations, Comrade Chen Jinghe gave up the superior development conditions in geological prospecting units (the youngest senior engineer in Fujian geological prospecting system and outstanding young man in the Ministry of Geology and Minerals) and volunteered to work in Shanghang County in the mountainous area, and Chen Jinghe became the general manager of Shanghang County Mining Company (predecessor of Zijin Mining).
When reviewing the development of Zijin, Comrade Chen Jinghe once said: When I was the general manager of Shanghang Mining Company, the enterprise was short of funds. I went to the bank three times and approved a loan of 50,000 yuan. I have little experience in gold and mining development. With the enthusiasm of young people, with the guidance and help of some external experts, I explored while learning, raised funds in various ways, and accumulated funds through production and operation. After 25 years of development, I have turned an obscure county-level difficult enterprise into a leading international mining company in China. It is full of people's hard work and sweat, and it also leaves many touching stories.
At the early stage of Zijinshan development, the experience of gold mine development was a blank sheet of paper. Entrepreneurs chose the heap leaching technology route by learning and drawing lessons from it, which set a precedent for the successful industrial production of large-scale heap leaching on rainy slopes in southern China.
In view of the poor permeability of mud in ore and the inability to effectively recover crude gold by single heap leaching, Zijin people created a combined process of gravity separation-carbon slurry-heap leaching, which improved the recovery rate 14% and the economic value reached several billion yuan.
According to the theory of economic geology, the usable cut-off grade of Zijinshan gold and copper mine has been re-determined, and the usable gold resource reserve has been expanded from 5.45 tons to nearly 300 tons, and the mining has also changed from underground small-scale to open-pit large-scale Low-grade resources have produced high benefits and become "the largest gold mine in China".
However, the trip to Purple Mountain was not smooth sailing. Due to the rare rainstorm and the lack of relevant experience of enterprises, an environmental pollution accident caused by copper acid water leakage occurred in 20 10 Zijinshan gold and copper mine, and the lesson was extremely profound. However, Zijin Mining was not intimidated by the difficulties. It learned a lesson and started a profound environmental revolution, which made the company embark on the road of healthy and green development.
This is the purple mountain now.
At present, the Zijinshan gold and copper open-pit mining site covers an area of about 3 square kilometers, and the mining method is steep slope mining, which is one of the best mines in China.
The highest peak of Purple Mountain was originally1138m. At present, the highest mining bench elevation of open pit mine is 736 meters, and the pit bottom elevation is 520 meters. Combined bench and steep slope technology is adopted in mining and stripping operation. At present, there are 22 working platforms, and each group of combined steps generally consists of 3-5 steps. The working bench height is 12m, the working bench inclination angle is 75 degrees, and the minimum working platform width is 30-40m.
For the treated ore in Zijinshan, the gold grade of gold mine is above 0. 1.5g/ ton, and the copper grade of copper mine is above 0. 1.5%. These two selected grades are the lowest in the same industry in China and reach the international advanced level. According to the actual situation of the low geographical location of the concentrator, Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine opened a patio in the open-pit mining field, and the ore slipped down the ground by its own weight, and then was transported to the concentrator from the bottom of the patio for treatment by the adit rail car, belt and dump truck. Using patio transportation not only shortens the transportation distance, but also kills two birds with one stone because the patio drop is as high as 100 meters to 300 meters, and the ore naturally breaks during the falling process.
Relying on science and technology, Zijinshan, a low-grade mine, has been developed for more than 20 years, but its profitability is still considerable.
In addition, after baptism, Zijin Mining always adheres to the iron law of "not sacrificing the environment for development" and regards "environmental safety" as a business card for enterprise development. Up to now, Zijin Mining has 9 national-level green mines, among which Zijinshan gold and copper mine is the representative.
For more than 20 years, Zijinshan gold and copper mine has actively practiced the ecological concept of "clear water and green mountains are priceless treasures" and achieved "one development, one stability, one governance and one effect", and established parks, tea gardens, orchards and botanical gardens in the former gangue hill. As a national industrial tourism demonstration site, a national mine park and a national green mine, the mine is now moving towards the goal of building the Zijinshan Park, a world geological park in Longyan.
This is the future Purple Mountain.
At present, Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine still holds 8.24 tons of gold resources, with an average grade of 0.35 g/ton. Copper resource reserves1609,200 tons, with an average grade of 0.5 1%. In the past 2065,438+09, it produced 225 tons of gold and 77,700 tons of copper.
Judging from the current conditions, Zijinshan is still the core asset of Zijin Mining, still has the top competitiveness in China, and will maintain strong profitability for a long time to come.
China is short of copper resources, highly dependent on foreign countries and heavily dependent on imports. As one of the few large-scale high-yield copper mines in China, the future Zijinshan will still shoulder an important mission and contribute to the development of the motherland in its unique way.
But one day, it will complete its mission. At that time, people may think that Purple Mountain is not a mine, but a beautiful park. The return of Jinshan Yinshan is still green.